介词加关系代词的用法(介词加关系代词等于什么)
介词加关系代词的用法
介词加关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时：从句常由介词加关系代词引导，若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that；指物时用which,不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose。介词加关系代词”前可有some，any，none，both，all，neither，most，each，few等代词或者数词。注意：含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如：lookfor，lookafter，takecareof等
【基础语法】如何使用“介词+关系代词”结构
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《如何使用“介词+关系代词”结构》
摘要：在定语从句中，我们经常见到“介词+关系代词”的结构，它体现了定语从句与前面所修饰的先行词之间的紧密联系，如何正确使用，一起看看吧！
对于“介词+关系代词”结构的使用，重点是要弄清其中的介词如何确定和判断。归纳起来，有以下几点方法：
1. 根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词。
如：
Water is the natural medium in which fish live. 水是鱼类赖以生存的自然环境。(注意搭配live in)
The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻的文件已经找到了。(注意搭配search for)
This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while. 这是一个我们可能长时间争论的问题。(注意搭配argue about)
注意，对于那些由动词与介词构成的短语动词，通常不宜将它们拆开使用，此时应注意介词的位置应。如：
The boy (whom) my sister is looking after is getting better.
不能说成：The boy after whom my sister is looking is getting better.
2. 根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词。
如：
Physics is the subject in our school in which every student is interested. 历史是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。(注意搭配be interested in)
He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar. 他我要去参考一些我不熟悉的参考书。(注意搭配be familiar with)
3. 根据与先行词的搭配来确定介词。
如：
This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teacher’s desk. 这是我们的教室，前面有老师的讲台。(注意搭配in the front of our classroom)
I’ll never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me. 我永远不会忘记她与我们告别的那一天。(注意搭配on the day)
4. 根据句意来确定介词的使用。
如：
This is the book from which I got the story. 这就是那本书，从中我读到这个故事。(由于句意含有“从……”的意思，所以用介词from)
This I did at nine o’clock, after which I sat reading the paper. 九点钟时我做这事，之后我坐着看报。(由于句意含有“在……之后”的意思，所以用介词after)
往期回顾：
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英语语法之“紧缩定语从句”：“介词+关系代词+不定式”的用法
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一、用法实例
“介词+关系代词+不定式”的表现形式通常为 in which to do sth, with which to do sth, on which to do sth等，其中的介词视具体语境的搭配而定。
如：
She must have time in which to grow calm.
她需要有时间冷静下来。
She had no time left in which to pack her things.
她没有时间收拾行李了。
He had only the long nights in which to study.
他只有漫漫长夜可用来学习。
Allow me one minute in which to change my costumes.
给我一点时间来卸装。
Now he had no pretext on which to prolong his stay.
现在他已没有继续留下去借口。
He had a couple of revolvers with which to defend himself.
他只有一两把**用来自卫。
She had some money in the bank, with which to help her mother.
她银行里有些钱用来帮助她的母亲。
The boy wants another fifty cents with which to buy some ice cream.
这男孩还要五角钱去买冰淇淋。
It was a marvelous place to begin one’s management career. First of all, there were so many different aspects of transport on which to try my hand.
这是开始一个人的经营管理生涯的好地方。首先，那里有涉及运输许多方面工作让我初试身手。
二、结构分析
在阅读中我们经常可以见到以上这样的“介词+关系代词+不定式”形式，许多读者不明白它是什么结构，其实它就是一种紧缩了的定语从句。在正式文体中，当引导定语从句的关系代词用作介词的宾语时，有时可用“介词+关系代词+不定式”这样的结构来简化定语从句。
比较：
She must have time in which she can grow calm.=She must have time in which to grow calm.
她必须有冷静下来时的时间。
Allow me one minute in which I can change my clothes.=Allow me one minute in which to change my clothes.
给我一点时间换衣服。
He was miserable unless he had neighbors with whom he could quarrel.=He was miserable unless he had neighbors with whom to quarrel.
他要是没有邻居吵架就难受。
She had some money in the bank, with which she could help her mother. =She had some money in the bank, with which to help her mother.
她银行里有些钱用来帮助她的母亲。
三、补充说明
对于“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构，若语义清楚，且结构恰当，有时可进一步省略其中的关系代词，而只保留介词和不定式（注意，此时介词要移至不定式之后，且当先行词为表时间的名词时，该介词通常省略）。
如：
She must have time to grow calm (in).
她必须有冷静下来时的时间。
Allow me one minute to change my clothes (in).
给我一点时间换衣服。
He was miserable unless he had neighbors to quarrel with.
他要是没有邻居吵架就难受。
It’s reported that the city needs more land to build houses on.
据报道，这座城市需要更多的土地来建房。
四、特别提示
值得指出的是，“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构中的介词不能没有，并且该介词也不能位于不定式后面。
如：
在那儿孩子们有个玩耍的花园。
正：There the children had a garden in which to play. (很正式)
正：There the children had a garden in which they could play. (较正式)
正：There the children had a garden to play in. (较口语化)
误：There the children had a garden which to play in.
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