been是什么时态(being是什么时态)
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being是什么时态
being是现在进行时。现在进行时是英语的一种时态,表示现在进行的动作或存在的状态。在英语时态中,“时“指动作发生的时间,”态“指动作的样子和状态。现在进行时表示动作发生的时间是“现在”,动作目前的状态是“正在进行中”。
时态(tense)是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。它是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式,在英语中有16种时态。
各种时态形式和用法精讲(含例句和剖析)
下面是各种时态的谓语动词形式和具体用法,高考必考的是前10种时态,同学们需要重点掌握。
1.一般现在时
① 表示现在的情况、状态或特征。
例:He is a student.
他是一个学生。
② 表示经常性、习惯性动作。
例:He always helps others.
他总是帮助别人。
③ 客观事实和普遍真理。
例:The earth moves the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
④ 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。
仅限于某些表示“来、去、动 、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词,可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 。
常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。
例:The next train leaves at 3 oclock this afternoon.
下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。
⑤ 在时间、条件和让步状语从句中经常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将的来事情。(即:主将从现原则)
例:I will call you as soon as I arrive at the airport.
我一到机场就会给你打电话。
When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.
等你完成这份报告的时候,我就已经等了将近3个小时了。
2.现在进行时
① 表示此时此刻正在发生的事情。
例:He is listning to the music now.
他现在正在听音乐。
② 表示目前一段时间内一直在做的事情,但不一定此时此刻正在做。
例:I am studying computer this term.
这个学期我一直在学习计算机。
③ 现在进行时可以表示将来的含义。
a. 瞬时动词的进行一定表将来。
例: I am leaving.
我要离开了。
b. 持续动词的进行只有有将来的时间状语或有将来语境中才表将来。
例: I am travelling next month.
下个月我要去旅行。
④ 现在进行时与频度副词连用,表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。
例: He is always helping others.
他总是帮助别人。(褒义)
3.现在完成时
① 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成,强调对现在产生的影响。
例:I bought a new house, but I havent sold my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.
我买了一所新房子,但是还没有卖掉旧的,所以现在我又两所房子。
② 表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。
时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间。
例:Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物,但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战,并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。
4.现在完成进行时
表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间,延续或重复地出现至今,或将继续延续至将来。
例:We have been working on this project for over a month now.
到目前为止,我们一直在处理那个项目,已经花了一个多月时间了。
5.一般过去时
① 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
例:I bought some fruits yesterday.
我昨天买了一些水果。
② 表示过去习惯性动作。
would/used to do:表示过去常常......
例:The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.
老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上,看着其他的人,一坐就是数个小时,什么也不干,也不和任何人交谈。
He used to visit his mother once a week.
他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。
7.过去完成时
表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的过去的过去。
例:Until then, his family hadnt heard from him for six months.
到那时为止,他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。
8.过去将来时
表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。
例:I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.
我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。
9.过去进行时
① 表示在过去具体的时间正在发生的动作。
例:Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.
10分钟前,玛丽正在听轻音乐。
② 表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情。
例:I was travelling in London last summer vacation.
去年暑假我在伦敦旅行。
③ 过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义。
a. 瞬时动词的过去进行时一定表示过去将来的含义。
例:Then she said she was leaving.然后她说她要离开了。
b. 持续动词的过去进行时只有在有过去将来的时间状语或过去将来的语境下才能表示过去将来。
例:She said that she was travelling the next day.
她说她第二天要去旅行。
④ 过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。
10.一般将来时
① will do
a. 表示主语主观意愿的将来。
例:I will send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.
我将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品,作为给她的生日礼物。
b. 表示客观将来。
例:Fish will die without water.
离开水,鱼会死。
c. 表示临时决定。
例:——Mary has been ill for a week.
——Oh,I didnt know. I will go and see her.
② am/is/are going to do
a. 表示计划、打算做某事。
例:This is just what I am going to say.
这正是我想说的。
b. 表示根据某种迹象看,很可能或即将发生的事情,表推测。
例:Look at the dark clouds in the sky. Its going to rain.
看天上的乌云,要下雨了。
③ am/is/are about to do
表示“即将、正要”时,可用。强调近期内或马上要做的事。
例:Dont worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.
别担心,我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。
④ be to do
a. 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。
例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.
星期一你准会在实验室见到她。
b. 该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一种命令、规劝性语气。
例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.
孩子们,你们必须 上床睡觉,不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。
11.将来进行时
表示在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。
例:Dont worry, you wont miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.
别担心,你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。
12.将来完成时
表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态,或是在某个将来时间完成,但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。
例:The conference will have lasted a full week by the time it ends.
会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。
13.将来完成进行时
表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间,是否继续下去,应视上下文而定。
例:By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.
到下个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。
14.过去完成进行时
表示某一动作一直延续到过去某一时间,是否继续下去,应视上下文而定。
例:The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.
我回到家之前,我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。
15.过去将来进行时
表示就过去某一时间而言,将来某一时间或时间段正在进行的动作,主要用于从句中。
例:The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.
政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。
16.过去将来完成时
表示就过去某一时间而言,将来某一时间之前所完成的动作。常用在虚拟语气中,表示与过去事实相反。
例:I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.
我坚信到那年年底为止,那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。
17.过去将来完成进行时
表示就过去某一时间而言,将来某一时刻之前一直在进行的动作,是否继续下去,应视上下文而定。
例:They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.
他们说到第二个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。
一次性讲清英语谓语动词的时态问题
一、时态的时时态的时是指谓语动词动作所发生的时间,这个时间在句子中可以由时间状语来表现,也有可能暗含在一定的语境中。动词发生的时间可分为顺序时间(过去、现在、将来、过去将来)简称时间的“四分法”,相对具体时间和非具体时间,简称时间的“二分法”。相对具体时间是指动作发生的时间相对于动作具体了,或一个动作相对于另一个动作同时发生的时间。非具时间是指不清楚或没有必要清楚动作所发生的确切时间,或动作的发生具体有反复性、一般性。
二、时态的态时态的态是指动作发生时的状态,动作状态有四种:一般态、进行态、完成态、完成进行态,其中进行、完成、完成进行三种态为具体态。
三、时与态的对应关系与谓语动词时态的确定非具体时间对应一般态,具体时间对应具体态,其中具体的点时间一般对应进行态,具体的段时间对应完成态。在确定谓语动词时态时,除了搞清时间与状态的对应关系外,还要注意说话人的意图及动词的性质,还需要考虑谓语动词的语态和主谓一致问题。英语时种时间与状态对应关系如下:
四、例题解析1.The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant ______ in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.
A. gave B. gives C. was giving D. had given
答案与解析: 从语境判断四时为过去,相对于was worried与was going on两个动作为具体,所以选C
2. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _____ four days later.
A. rescued B. was rescued C. has rescued D. had been rescued
答案与解析: 从语境判断四时为过去,但four days later相对于rescue这一动作为不具体时间,再考虑语态为被动,所以选B
3.Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition?
A. would sign B. signed C. have signed D. had signed
答案与解析: 从语境判断四时为过去,但说话人明显意图是“现在没有多少人报名参加”,所以用现在完成时,选C
4. ---I hear you_____ in a pub. What’s it like?
----Well, it’s very hard work and I’m always tired, but I don’t mind.
A. are working B. will work C. were working D. will be working
答案与解析: 从语境判断四时为现在,是现阶段可持续的动作,而且动作还没有结束,所以选A
5. The fact that so many people still smoke in public place _____ that we may need a national campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.
A. suggest B. suggests C . suggested D. suggesting
答案与解析: 本题表达的意思具有事实性,一般性,所以选B
6. ---Tommy is planning to buy a car.
---I know. By next month, he _____ enough for a used one.
A. saves B. saved C. will save D. will have saved
答案与解析: 时间状语By next month,四时为将来,by为到什么时间为止的意思,表明是段时间,所以用将来完成时,选D
7. In the last few years thousands of films _______all over the word.
A. have produced
B. have been produced
C. are producing
D. are being produced
答案与解析: 时间状语In the last few years意思是在过去几年里,也就是说在过去到现在这几年这一段时间,固用现在完成时,再考虑语态用被动,所以选B
8. On the next birthday. Ann_______married for twenty years.
A. is B. has been C. will be D. will have been
答案与解析: 时间状语On the next birthday表明四时为将来,for twenty years为段时间,所以用将来完成时,选D
9. We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody ______ into the office during the night.
A. broke B. had broken C. has broken D. was breaking
答案与解析: 从语境判断四时为过去,但break into这一动作一定是发生在found这一动作之前,不然不符合逻辑,break into相对于found为过去之过去,所以选B
10. That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who ________the piano upstairs?
A. has played B. played C. plays D. is playing
答案与解析: 从语境判断四时为说话的当时,而且play这一动作可持续,所以选D
11. Look at the pride on Tom's face. He_______ to have been praised by the manager just now.
A. seemed B. seems C. had seemed D. is seeming
答案与解析: seem一般是似乎,好像的意思,是对现在的事物做出一个不太确定的判断,所以选B
12. If you don't like the drink you ______ just leave it and try a different one.
A. ordered B. are ordering C. will order D. had ordered
答案与解析: 从语境判断四时为过去,过去什么时间不确切,也不必讲明,所以用一般过去时,选A
13. Experience of this kind_______in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.
A. have conducted
B. have been conducted
C. had conducted
D. had been conducted
答案与解析: 时间状语before the Second World War为过去之过去,再考虑语态用被动,所以选D
14. Tom_______in the library every night over the last three months.
A. works B. worked C. have been working D. had been working
答案与解析: 时间状语over the last three months是在过去三个月里,为段时间,work为可持续性动词,而且every night表明动作没有间断过,所以用现在完成进行时,选C
15.—That must have been a long trip.
—Yeah, it_______us a whole week to get there.
A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taking
答案与解析: 本题a whole week是干扰时间,虽然是段时间,但是a whole week在句子中做宾语,而不是时间状语,从语境判断四时为过去不具体时间,所以选C
16.—Bob has gone to California.
—Oh, can you tell me when he_______?
A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave
答案与解析: 从语境判断四时为过去,而且发问者不知道具体的时间所以才问,固选B
17. -----Joan, what ______ in your hand?
-----Look! It’s a birthday gift for my grandma.
A. had you held B. are you holding C. do you hold D. will you hold
答案与解析: 从语境判断是指现在
18. In 1492, Columbus _______ on one of the Bahama Islands, but he mistook it for an island off India.
A. lands B. landed C. has landed D. had landed
答案与解析: In 1492为过去,相对于 land这一动作不具体,所以选B
19. It is most instructive lecture that I _______ since I came to this school.
A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended
答案与解析: 时间状语since I came to this school,是从我到这个学校到现在这一段时间,所以选D
20. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _______ by science.
A. are making B. are made C. will make D. will be made
答案与解析: In the near future为将来,再考虑语态用被动, 所以选D